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Windows Vista I/O technologies - Wikipedia. Windows Vista introduced a number of new I/O functions to the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. They are intended to shorten the time taken to boot the system, improve the responsiveness of the system, and improve the reliability of data storage. I/O subsystem. With the new asynchronous I/O APIs, a thread, different from the one that issued the I/O request, can be notified when the operation completes. With this, a single thread can issue all the I/O requests, and then switch to a different worker thread. If this thread is the one that handles the data after the I/O request completes, then a thread- switch, which causes a performance hit, may be avoided. Windows Vista also introduces synchronous I/O cancellation. During a synchronous I/O request, the application is blocked until the request is serviced or fails. In Windows Vista the application may issue a cancellation request. Applications that cancel the operation on user feedback may prefer to enable user feedback during the time the issuing thread is suspended for usability. Windows Vista also implements I/O scheduling as prioritized I/O. Windows Vista defines five priority classes – Very Low, Low, Normal, High and Critical. By default I/O requests are assigned Normal priority. Windows Vista also allows reservation of bandwidth on a per- application basis during disk access; this aims to guarantee the required throughput rate to the application when it accesses the disk. Both these features are used by Windows Media Player with respect to media playback. In Windows Vista, there is no limit on the size of I/O requests. This means an entire I/O operation can be completed by issuing fewer requests, which in turn may lead to higher performance. Windows Explorer and the Command Prompt'scopy command have been modified to issue 1 MB requests. When such a device is plugged in, the Windows Autoplay dialog offers an additional option to use it to speed up the system; an additional . The drive- side functionality is expected to be standardized in ATA- 8. When a hybrid hard drive is installed in a Windows Vista machine, the operating system will display a new . It is based on the . It does so by continually analyzing application behavior and usage patterns, e. Although hard disks usually have higher sequential data transfer rates, flash drives can be faster for small files or non- sequential I/O because of their short random seek times. Offline Files. It locally caches shared files marked for offline access, and uses the cached copy whenever the network connection to the remote files is interrupted. Windows Vista Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions contain significant improvements to Offline Files. Beginning with Windows Vista, whenever the connection is restored, all open file handles to the cached copy are redirected to the remote version, without waiting for the cached files to be synchronized. The local copy is automatically synchronized with the remote copy, to reflect the changes made on either copy of the file. The file caching and sync algorithm has also been completely rewritten to determine the differences faster. When synchronizing the changes in the cached copy to the remote version, the Bitmap Differential Transfer protocol is used so that only the changed blocks in the cached version are transferred. This also improves support for caching large files. Sync Center can also report sync errors and resolve sync conflicts. The property page for any file or folder has an Offline Files tab that provides status and allows control of the offline status of the file or folder. If you have an issue with your system clock losing time, you’ve probably had to go and re-sync your clock with the internet time servers. The problem is that there. DS Clock is a FREE digital desktop clock that displays variable date and time information built from the format string. The program allows you to fully customize its. This free world clock desktop or sidebar gadget from WorldTimeServer is designed for Windows 7 and Vista users. Moreover, even if a single file is unavailable, other files in the same share and other shares are available as the transition is now at the share level instead of server level. Offline Files are configurable through Group Policy and provide better interoperability with DFS. Also, a comprehensive Offline Files management API is available via COM objects and scriptability through WMI. Windows Vista also supports . When users make only a few files from a directory available offline, Windows Vista creates ghosted entries of the remaining unavailable items to preserve the online context. Offline Files also feature slow- link mode which when enabled through Group Policy, always reads from and writes to the local cache to improve performance over a slow network connection. It is also possible in Windows Vista to specify a limit for the total size of the local cache and another sub- limit for the space used by automatically cached files. Manually cached files are never removed from the local cache even if the cache limit is reached. A large, diverse collection of links to free software and Internet services in more than 140 categories. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. New Windows Vista Applications and Tools. Disk Cleanup is one of the applications that haven't change much over the years. Windows Vista introduced a number of new I/O functions to the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. They are intended to shorten the time taken to boot the. How to Sync Your System Clock to Atomic. Right click the time in the tray of your Taskbar and click Adjust date/time. This will open a Settings window with a number. Dual boot system Windows XP Pro and Ubuntu 12.04. I have the bios set for the correct time and Ubuntu set for US Eastern time. Ubuntu will boot up and the time will. In Windows XP, Offline Files could not be enabled when Fast User Switching was enabled. This restriction applied because . In Windows Vista, this restriction no longer applies as Offline Files runs as a Windows service that performs synchronization for the user at opportune times such as logon and offline to online transitions. Synchronization does not occur continuously in the background. Transactional NTFS allows for files and directories to be created, renamed, and deleted atomically. Using a transaction ensures correctness of operation; in a series of file operations (done as a transaction), the operation will be committed if all the operations succeed. In case of any failure, the entire operation will roll back and fail. Shadow Copy. The Backup and Restore Center in Windows Vista and later performs block- based backups when doing full system backups. The file backup feature also uses shadow copy but stores files inside ZIP files. Beginning with Windows Vista, Shadow Copy is also used by the System Protection component which creates and maintains periodic copies of system and user data on the same local volume (similar to the Shadow Copies for Shared Folders feature in Windows Server) but allows it to be locally accessed by System Restore. System Restore allows reverting to an entire previous set of shadow copies called a Restore point. Prior to Windows Vista, System Restore was based on a file- based filter that watched changes for a certain set of file extensions, and then copied files before they were overwritten. Retrieved July 1. Retrieved July 9, 2. Tom Archer's Blog. Retrieved 2. 00. 6- 0. Archived from the original(PPT) on May 9, 2. Retrieved December 6, 2. Retrieved September 1. Retrieved 2. 00. 8- 0. The Lenovo T6. 10 is here.. Retrieved December 1. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Retrieved 2. 00. 7- 0. Toms Hardware. Retrieved 2. Security Options. The Security Options section of Group Policy configures computer security settings for digital data signatures, Administrator and Guest account names, access to floppy disk and CD drives, driver installation behavior, and logon prompts. You can configure the security options settings in the following location within the Group Policy Object Editor: Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Security Options. The Security Options item of Group Policy contains the following policies: Accounts: Administrator account status. This policy setting enables or disables the Administrator account for normal operational conditions. If you start a computer in Safe Mode, the Administrator account is always enabled, regardless of how you configure this policy setting. Possible values: Enabled. Disabled. Not Defined. Vulnerability. The built- in Administrator account cannot be locked out no matter how many failed logons it accrues, which makes it a prime target for brute force attacks that attempt to guess passwords. Also, this account has a well- known security identifier (SID), and there are non- Microsoft tools that allow authentication by using the SID rather than the account name. Therefore, even if you rename the Administrator account, an attacker could launch a brute force attack by using the SID to log on. All other accounts that are members of the Administrator's group have the safeguard of locking the account out if it has exceeded the maximum number of failed logons. Countermeasure. Disable the Accounts: Administrator account status setting so that the built- in Administrator account cannot be used in a normal system startup. If it is very difficult to maintain a regular schedule for periodic password changes for local accounts, you may want to disable the built- in Administrator account instead of relying on regular password changes to protect it from attack. Potential impact. Maintenance issues can arise under certain circumstances if you disable the Administrator account. For example, if the secure channel between a member computer and the domain controller fails in a domain environment for any reason and there is no other local Administrator account, you must restart in Safe Mode to fix the problem that caused the secure channel to fail. If the current Administrator password does not meet the password requirements, you cannot re- enable the Administrator account after it is disabled. If this situation occurs, another member of the Administrators group must set the password on the Administrator account with the Local Users and Groups tool. Accounts: Guest account status. This policy setting enables or disables the Guest account. Possible values: Enabled. Disabled. Not Defined. Vulnerability. The default Guest account allows unauthenticated network users to log on as Guest with no password. These unauthorized users could access any resources that are accessible to the Guest account over the network. This capability means that any shared folders with permissions that allow access to the Guest account, the Guests group, or the Everyone group will be accessible over the network, which could lead to the exposure or corruption of data. Countermeasure. Disable the Accounts: Guest account status setting so that the built- in Guest account cannot be used. Potential impact. All network users will need to be authenticated before they can access shared resources. If you disable the Guest account and the Network Access: Sharing and Security Model option is set to Guest Only, network logons, such as those performed by the Microsoft Network Server (SMB Service), will fail. This policy setting should have little impact on most organizations because it is the default setting in Microsoft Windows. If you enable this policy setting, a local account must have a non- blank password to perform an interactive or network logon from a remote client. Possible values: Enabled. Disabled. Not Defined. Vulnerability. Blank passwords are a serious threat to computer security and should be forbidden through both organizational policy and suitable technical measures. In fact, the default settings for Windows Server 2. How to enable and disable SMBv1, SMBv2, and SMBv3 in Windows and Windows Server. Active Directory. However, if users with the ability to create new accounts bypass your domain- based password policies, they could create accounts with blank passwords. For example, a user could build a stand- alone computer, create one or more accounts with blank passwords, and then join the computer to the domain. The local accounts with blank passwords would still function. Anyone who knows the name of one of these unprotected accounts could then use it to log on. Countermeasure. Enable the Accounts: Limit local account use of blank passwords to console logon only setting. Potential impact. None. This is the default configuration. Accounts: Rename administrator account. This policy setting determines whether a different account name is associated with the SID for the Administrator account. Possible values: User- defined text. Not Defined. Vulnerability. The Administrator account exists on all computers that run the Windows 2. Windows Server 2. Windows XP Professional operating systems. If you rename this account, it is slightly more difficult for unauthorized persons to guess this privileged user name and password combination. In Windows Vista, the person who installs the operating system specifies an account that is the first member of the Administrator group and has full rights to configure the computer. The account may not have the name Administrator, so this countermeasure is applied by default on new Windows Vista installations. AutoRun and the companion feature AutoPlay are components of the Microsoft Windows operating system that dictate what actions the system takes when a drive is mounted. Technology keeps you connected everywhere you go, helps you capture every moment & makes your life a bit easier; stay up-to-date with tips & tricks from eHow. Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2003 SP1 and SP2, and Windows Server 2003 R2 retired content. The content you requested has already retired. It's available to. System Restore is a feature built into Windows that periodically creates “restore points” or backups of system files and/or user files so that the system can be. Sometimes when you try to create a System Restore. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state. It offers a way to undo all the changes in the system files, registry keys. If a computer is upgraded from a previous version of Windows to Windows Vista, the account with the name Administrator is retained with all rights and privileges that were defined for the account in the previous installation. The built- in Administrator account cannot be locked out, regardless of how many times an attacker might use a bad password. This capability makes the Administrator account a popular target for brute force attacks that attempt to guess passwords. The value of this countermeasure is lessened because this account has a well- known SID, and there are non- Microsoft tools that allow authentication by using the SID rather than the account name. Therefore, even if you rename the Administrator account, an attacker could launch a brute force attack by using the SID to log on. Countermeasure. Specify a new name in the Accounts: Rename administrator account setting to rename the Administrator account. After the prerequisite updates are installed, you can use the procedures in any of the following sections to disable Autorun features: How to use Group Policy. If you are about to update a driver on your computer or install a new program, it’s probably a good idea to create a System Restore point just in case something. Potential impact. You need to provide users who are authorized to use this account with the new account name. Because the account name is well known it provides a vector for a malicious user to get access to network resources and attempt to elevate privileges or install software that could be used for a later attack on your system. Countermeasure. Specify a new name in the Accounts: Rename guest account setting to rename the Guest account. If you rename this account, it is slightly more difficult for unauthorized persons to guess this privileged user name and password combination. Potential impact. There should be little impact, because the Guest account is disabled by default in Windows 2. Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2. Audit: Audit the access of global system objects. If you enable this policy setting, a default system access control list (SACL) is applied when the computer creates system objects such as mutexes, events, semaphores, and MS- DOS. If you also enable the Audit object access audit setting, access to these system objects is audited. Global system objects, also known as . These objects are most commonly used to synchronize multiple applications or multiple parts of a complex application. Because they have names, these objects are global in scope, and therefore visible to all processes on the computer. These objects all have a security descriptor but typically have a NULL SACL. If you enable this policy setting at startup time, the kernel will assign a SACL to these objects when they are created. Possible values: Enabled. Disabled. Not Defined. Vulnerability. A globally visible named object, if incorrectly secured, could be acted upon by malicious software that knows the name of the object. For instance, if a synchronization object such as a mutex had a poorly chosen discretionary access control list (DACL), then malicious software could access that mutex by name and cause the program that created it to malfunction. However, the risk of such an occurrence is very low. Countermeasure. Enable the Audit: Audit the access of global system objects setting. Potential impact. If you enable the Audit: Audit the access of global system objects setting, a large number of security events could be generated, especially on busy domain controllers and application servers. Such an occurrence could cause servers to respond slowly and force the Security log to record numerous events of little significance. This policy setting can only be enabled or disabled, and there is no way to choose which events are recorded. Even organizations that have the resources to analyze events that are generated by this policy setting would not likely have the source code or a description of what each named object is used for. Therefore, it is unlikely that most organizations would benefit by enabling this policy setting. Audit: Audit the use of Backup and Restore privilege. This policy setting enables or disables auditing of the use of all user privileges, including Backup and Restore, when the Audit privilege use setting is in effect. If you enable both policy settings, an audit event is generated for every file that is backed up or restored. If you enable this policy setting in conjunction with the Audit privilege use setting, any exercise of user rights is recorded in the Security log. If you disable this policy setting, actions by users of Backup or Restore privileges are not audited, even if Audit privilege use is enabled. Unnötige Windows XP - Dienste deaktivieren. Jeder Dienst der beim Systemstart nicht gestartet wird spart Zeit beim Booten / Deployment, verbraucht keine Rechenzeit. Mit den Remoteserver-Verwaltungstools für Windows 8.1 können IT-Administratoren Rollen und Features auf Computern, auf denen Windows Server 2012 oder Windows Server. Hier noch die Übersicht der optionalen Komponenten, Programme, Protokolle, Funktionen und Dienste in Windows-7: Dienste für NFS Client für NFS. Beschreibt, wie Sie mithilfe eines sauberen Neustarts ein Problem in Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 oder Windows Vista behandeln. Windows 7 - In Windows 7 die Darstellung der Icons reparieren. Wenn bei Ihnen die Darstellung der Icons auf dem Desktop durcheinander geraten ist, oder Word z. B. Um das Problem zu beheben . Nach einem Neustart des Computers, sollten die Icons wieder richtig dargestellt werden. Falls die Datei Icon. Cache. db nicht angezeigt wird, klicken Sie in der Men. Dann scrollen Sie weiter nach unten um den Men. Wechseln Sie nun wieder in den oben genannten Ordner - die Datei Icon. Cache. db sollte nun angezeigt werden. Zu diesem Tipp noch eine hilfreiche Anmerkung von Chris K. In diesem Blog-Beitrag möchte ich ein Problem adressieren, welches momentan insbesondere Käufer von Medion-Rechnern mit Windows 8/8.1 plagt und in den Wahnsinn treibt. Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista und Windows Server 2008 Verwenden Sie zum Aktivieren oder Deaktivieren der SMB-Protokolle auf einem SMB-Server unter. Auf meinem Rechner (Win7 Home Premium 64bit) startet der Update-Dienst nicht mehr. Nach Aufruf von Update erscheint die Meldung "Mit Windows. Ein komplettes Ausschalten oder Anpassen der Windows 7 Indizierung ist möglich, dies kann man recht einfach über die "Systemsteuerung " deaktivieren und! 11/25/2017 0 Comments Download Vista Capable Software freeDownload this software to create a high-speed Internet connection for your computer anywhere on the Sprint 3G or 4G network with your Mobile Broadband Device. The Best Antivirus Software We have reviewed this category for 13 years. In the last year, we spent over 1000 hours testing and reviewing, and we considered 15 products. See our unbiased reviews of the best Windows Vista antivirus software for 2017. Find the right antivirus software for Windows Vista today. A Windows Vista ® Capable PC must meet the following requirements: A modern CPU (at least 800 MHz) 512 MB or more of system memory (RAM) A graphics processing unit. Disccusses the operating. Welcome to Creative Worldwide Support. Get technical help for your Creative products through Knowledgebase Solutions, firmware updates, driver downloads and more. To help you identify Windows Vista ® Capable PCs, Windows® XP-based Acer desktops that meet the minimum system requirements will carry the Windows Vista ® Capable. Bella Vista Computer Services. PASSWORD SECURITYAs an IT professional, one thing I deal with every day is passwords. When I'm helping a customer setup a new computer or a new account for e- mail, Facebook, or the like, I notice that people tend to underplay the importance of setting an effective password. I often even get questions like . Also, they often choose a password that only meets the minimum requirements. Unfortunately, I also see the impact weak passwords. Often clients only realize the significance, when suddenly they can no longer access, sometimes permanently, their e- mail or Facebook accounts. When their friends and family receive virus- ridden e- mails from them, or they discover someone has accessed bank account or personal information. All the major e- mail providers and social networking sites are constantly under attack from people who wish to exploit your personal information. In addition, the rapid increase in processing power in today's computers has made it much easier for the nefarious to attack your password. In years past, it was less feasible for an attacker without personal information about his target to attempt to break a password, or at least an attacker was limited to a list of a few thousand common passwords to try. Now, it is not unusual for computers to be capable of guessing several million (or even billion) combinations per hour. This allows an attacker to try every combination of characters for short passwords. In years past security experts recommended that you do things like add capital letters or symbols to your passwords thus increasing the number of characters a computer would have to try. This led to passwords that looked like, alpha#1. Aze. 34. 4Sdi. Unfortunately, this made it incredibly difficult for people to remember their passwords and ultimately makes little difference to a computer, trying to guess your password. In today's world, the best protection against a computer obtaining your password is to lengthen it, beyond the typical 8- 1. There are a few techniques that can be used to help remember long passwords. One easy way is to use a . An example of a . As you can guess, I created this password while watching a fat blue bird eating from a birdfeeder. Since the sentence is fairly literal it becomes easy to remember, and the memory of the moment in which it came to me also helps me remember. Another password creation technique is to string a few reasonably long words together like, Primate. Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate, showing its desktop, taskbar, Start menu, Windows Sidebar, Welcome Center and glass effects of Windows Aero. Commando. Concussion. Heaven, then associate those words with a mental picture that describes them to you. In this case I visualize a Primate and a Commando locked in an epic battle, one ends up with a concussion, and the other ends up in heaven. Making that mental image helps you remember, and it definitely works. This all sounds great, but how are you supposed to remember 2. Well to be honest you're not, if you have too many passwords to remember, I suggest getting a password manager. A password manager will store all your usernames and passwords inside an encrypted database. That is locked by one master password; then you only have to remember your master password. Links: https: //howsecureismypassword. Bad password examples: Buckey. Aze. 34. 4Sdi (could take a computer approximately 3. Good password examples: Theskyisbluewithclouds (could take a computer as long as 1. Blue. Birds. Eat. Black. Seeds (could take a computer as long as 4. Primate. Commando. Concussion. Heaven (could take a computer as long as 1. Works Cited. Xkcd: Password Strength. MANY EXPERIENCE TECH SUPPORT SCAM. It's Sunday afternoon, and maybe you're watching TV, or doing housework, when the phone rings. It's a well- mannered caller with urgency in his voice as he explains that he is from Microsoft, and that his team has detected the presence of a dangerous virus on your computer. He continues telling you not to be alarmed he can definitely remove this virus if you follow his instructions. This is a recent type of scam affecting computer users nationwide. There are several known companies, typically in countries like India or Russia that perpetrate this scam and others like it. They use scare tactics and misinformation to convince people to allow them remote access to their computer. Then after performing some unneeded and likely useless actions they will request your bank account or credit card information for payment. Usually this payment significantly exceeds a typical service charge for this type of repair. The main danger comes from the fact that you receive no confirmation of identity from the person on the phone. They say they are from Microsoft or some other reputable company, but they initiated the call, and could be anyone, anywhere. Once you allow them into your computer, they have full control of it and can change security settings making you vulnerable, copy personal files and information, or even install malicious software that could allow them to monitor or connect to your computer at a later time. In addition if you give them financial information there is nothing to prevent them from billing your accounts for whatever they desire. Then, because you don't really know who or where they are, you have little, if any, recourse. If you have fallen victim to a scam like this, take your computer to a local, computer professional and have them check it for malware, and viruses. If you still can, have your credit card company or bank dispute the charges, even the original services charges. If you receive one of these calls, report it to the company they were claiming to be, and to law enforcement. You may not see any results directly, but if you report, it is more likely that these scams will be stopped. Finally, never allow someone you do not know to connect remotely to your computer. There are many reputable companies who use remote administration to help customers, but a reputable company will never call you unsolicited, and they will always have a physical location where you can go in case of a problem. In short, make sure you are confident that the person you are speaking with is the person they are claiming to be. 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The old Ford plant has been a National Historic Place since 1. Eddie Orton. Standard Oil set up operations here in 1. Chevron Richmond Refinery and tank farm, which are still operated by Chevron. There is a pier into San Francisco Bay south of Point Molate for oil tankers. The western terminus of the Santa Fe Railroad was established in Richmond with ferry connections at Ferry Point in the Brickyard Cove area of Point Richmond to San Francisco. At the outset of World War II, the four Richmond Shipyards were built along the Richmond waterfront, employing thousands of workers, many recruited from all over the United States, including many African- Americans and women entering the workforce for the first time. Many of these workers lived in specially constructed houses scattered throughout the San Francisco Bay Area, including Richmond, Berkeley and Albany. A specially built rail line, the Shipyard Railway, transported workers to the shipyards. Kaiser's Richmond shipyards built 7. Victory and Liberty ships for the war effort, more than any other site in the U. S. On average the yards could build a ship in thirty days. The medical system established for the shipyard workers at the Richmond Field Hospital eventually became today's Kaiser Permanente. HMO. It was populated by many department stores such as Kress, J. C. Penney, Sears, Macy's, and Woolworth's. During the war the population increased dramatically and peaked at around 1. Once the war ended the shipyard workers were no longer needed, beginning a decades- long population decline. The Census listed 9. By 1. 96. 0 much of the temporary housing built for the shipyard workers was torn down, and the population dropped to about 7. Many of the people who moved to Richmond were black and came from the Midwest and South. Most of the white men were overseas at war, and this opened up new opportunities for ethnic minorities and women. Cost of Senior Living in Chicago, IL. The Greater Chicago Area ranks third in the nation for its population of adults 55 and older, but is only the 14th most. Office space for rent in United States. Customized workspace for rent wherever you need it. Choose from any of our 3000 locations. Offices for lease by the day, by. California Passport Office Locations. The California Passport Offices are listed according to the city in which they are located. Click the link for your city and you. Search all Post Offices in the US. Location, operating hours, phone number, and services Information. Find info for any nearby USPS store. This era also brought with it the innovation of daycare for children, as a few women could care for several dozen women's children, while most of the mothers went off to work in the factories and shipyards. In the 1. 97. 0s the Hilltop area including a large shopping mall was developed in the northern suburbs of the city; this further depressed the downtown area as it drew away retail clients and tenants. In the late 1. 99. Richmond Parkway was built along the western industrial and northwestern parkland of the city connecting Interstates 8. In the early 1. 90. Santa Fe railroad established a major rail yard adjacent to Point Richmond. The railroad constructed a tunnel through the Potrero San Pablo ridge to run a track from their yard to a ferry landing from which freight cars could be transshipped to San Francisco. Where this track crosses the main street in Point Richmond, there remain two of the last operational wigwag grade crossing signals in the United States, and the only surviving examples of the . The wigwag is an antiquated type of railroad crossing signal which was phased out in the 1. There was controversy in 2. State Transportation Authority ordered the BNSF railroad company to upgrade the railroad crossing signals. A compromise was achieved that included installing new modern crossing gates, red lights and bells while not removing, but simply shutting off the historic ones and preserving their functionality for special events. The Pullman Company was a large employer of African American men, who worked mainly as porters on the Pullman cars. This coincided with the repaving and streetscaping project of Macdonald Avenue. The city's old rundown commercial district along Macdonald has been designated the city's . This has led to funding of improvements in the form of state grants. The city sits on 3. Bay Area. To the south is the city of Albany which is in Alameda County and the city of El Cerrito. The unincorporated communities of East Richmond Heights, Rollingwood, Hasford Heights, and El Sobrante lie to the east. North Richmond to the west and San Pablo to the east are almost entirely surrounded by Richmond's city limits. To the north, Richmond borders the city of Pinole and the unincorporated areas of Bayview, Montalvin Manor, Hilltop Green, Tara Hills. Richmond borders Alameda, San Francisco, and Marin counties in the Bay and Red Rock Island. The city is within the 9. ZIP Codes. The climate is slightly warmer than the coastal areas of San Francisco, the Peninsula, and Marin County; it is however more temperate than areas further inland. The average highs range from 5. January is on average the coldest month. The highest recorded temperature in Richmond was 1. Most of the rain occurs during stronger storms which occur between November and March and drop 3. January and February are the rainiest months. Southern parts of the city and the ridges receive more fog than northern areas. Summer temperatures are higher in inland areas, where the moderating influence of San Francisco Bay is lessened. The average wind speed is 6–9 miles per hour (1. March through August; the strongest winds are in June. December and January are the darkest months with about 4. The city is very humid in the morning with the lowest humidity being in the high 7. This may be due to San Francisco Bay's notorious fog and also the fact that a majority of Richmond lies on a flat coastal plain predominantly consisting of reclaimed tidal marshes, inter- tidal flats, and seep. This percentage is in the high 2. May through October (the summer months) and climbs or descends through 4. Canada geese visit the city on their annual migrations. Harbor seals live in the Castro Rocks and pigeons and gulls populate the sidewalks and parking lots. Tadpoles and frogs can be found in the local creeks and vernal pools. Field mice and lizards are also found. Herons and egrets nest in protected areas on Brooks Island. Deer, falcons, raccoons, ducks, foxes, owls, and mountain lions live in Wildcat Canyon and Point Pinole Regional Shoreline. A license is needed for fishing on the waterfront or city waters but not on the piers, where in addition to crabs, sturgeon are plentiful and manta rays may also be found. Striped bass, bat rays, leopard sharks, surf perch, jacksmelt, sturgeon, white croaker, and flounders are also found. Rainbow trout have recently returned to San Pablo and Wildcat creeks. Monarch butterflies migrate through the city on their journey between Mexico and Canada. Wildcat Marsh has two ponds where Canada geese often rest, and is also the home of the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse and California clapper rail. Another endangered species in the city is the Santa Cruz tarweed which survives alongside Interstate 8. Wildcat Canyon also hosts falcons and vultures. Threatened black rails also live in the city's marshes. It took a while to remove it since various agencies argued over which would have to pay for it. Because of the refineries located in Richmond, air quality is particularly low, and residents are especially at risk of air- pollution- related health issues. Councilmember Tom Butt was very vocal on the subject accusing the city council of turning a blind eye to the problem. This is in large part due to the efforts of Police Chief Chris Magnus, who established . Many buildings were damaged in the 1. Loma Prieta earthquake. The city has also had at least one minor tornado. The Chevron Richmond Refinery often releases gases and had many highly noted chemical leaks in the 1. The company has been fined thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of dollars. The chemicals most often released are chlorine and sulfur trioxide. This resulted in a 1. The incident led to lawsuits, and has been referred to as a mini- Bhopal. Beaches and shoreline were closed, but later reopened. Although no one was hurt, a car fell into the sinkhole. Decennial Census. The population density was 1,9. The racial makeup of Richmond was 3. White, 2. 7,5. 42 (2. African American, 6. Native American, 1. Asian (4. 0% Chinese, 3. Filipino, 1. 6% Laotian, 1. Indian, 0. 7% Vietnamese, 0. Japanese, 0. 4% Korean, 0. Pakistani, 0. 1% Thai), 5. Pacific Islander, 2. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. Among the Hispanic population, 2. Mexican origin, 4. Salvadoran, 1. 7% Guatemalan, and 1. Nicaraguan heritage. The census reported that 1. There were 3. 6,0. There were 2,5. 38 (7. The average household size was 2. There were 2. 4,0. The population was spread out with 2. The median age was 3. For every 1. 00 females there were 9. For every 1. 00 females age 1. There were 3. 9,3. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2. The African- American population in Richmond was 2. African- American as of 2. African- American in 1. The population density was 3,3. There were 3. 6,0. The racial makeup of the city was 3. African American, 2. Native American, 1. Asian, 0. 5. 0% Pacific Islander, 1. Hispanic or Latino, of any race. Of the 3. 4,6. 25 households, 3. The average household size was 2. In the city, the population was spread out with 2. The median age was 3. For every 1. 00 females there were 9. For every 1. 00 females age 1. The median income for a household in the city was $4. Males had a median income of $3. The per capita income for the city was $1. I only remember one practical writing lesson from my three years as an English major: Whenever you can, put the best bits at the end of the sentence. PC customization Community to share, upload and download XP Themes, Windows 7 Themes, Wallpapers, Visual Styles, Boot Screens and Login Screens. Updated Daily. Here is a utility that helps you unassociate a file type quickly in your Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer without the need to edit the registry manually. Screen Saver Creator and Photo Slide. Show Maker Photo Slide Show and Screen Saver Maker for Windowsg. Photo. Show Pro is an an easy to use slide show maker and screen saver complete with transition effects and Pan and Zoom animations (Ken Burns effect). You have various options for stretching or shrinking photos and to show information like file name or Exif,IPTC,XMP info taken from the photos themselves. You can also create photo sets, create wallpaper, pause and continue the screen saver during normal operation. Photo. Show Pro it's the perfect software for a Digital Photo Frame. It can be easily controlled with a keyboard (or a remote control) and can detect and display newly added photos without restarting the program and without editing the slideshow ! New Release ! With g. Photo. Show you can have a slideshow running on your computer then when new photos come they are displayed as soon as possible. Key Features: Runs on Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, Windows 1. Pan and Zoom animation also known as Ken Burns effect. Scrapbook mode. When Scrapbook mode is enabled several small pictures are overlapped over a background image. If you are wondering how to set Windows 7 themes for all users so that all users on the same computer use the same desktop themes, follow this. Your free software downloads archive. Download the latest software, drivers and games for Windows, Mac, iPhone/iPad, Linux and Mobile. View postscript (.ps) files in Adobe Reader as if they were PDF files. Postscript Viewer converts postscript files to PDFs automatically whenever you. In Windows Vista, Microsoft introduced the concept of User Account Control (UAC) as a tool to protect users from malicious software. If you've seen popups asking for. Photo. Wall mode. When Photo. Wall mode is enabled g. Photo. Show displays a mosaic of small pictures, when the screen is full it will start to scroll. Shows an unlimited number of photos and other supported files User defined filters based on image size, rating and keywords High quality image resize (bicubic interpolation)User selectable transition effects. D and 3. D transition effects Adjustable transition speed. Can display frames around pictures, simple colored frames or bitmapped frames. Image formats : BMP, JPG, PNG, GIF (including animated GIF), TIFFPanorama file formats: JPG, IVR, PAN, MOVVideo file formats: AVI, MOV, MPG, WMV and others Macromedia Flash Animations: SWFCan display Web Pages. Can automatically scroll panoramic images (both rectilinear and spherical)Can use shortcuts to folders. Easy subdirectory selection and files exclusion. Easy image filtering by keyword or rating Display images randomly or in a sorted sequence. Several random modes are available including a weighted randomization that allows you display some picture more often that others. Configurable delay between images. Food writer and Eater’s editor-at-large Helen Rosner has the simplest secret-ingredient tip in all of cookendom: Transforming a dish with one new ingredient feels.Automatically resizes your images. Displays information about the images (Exif,IPTC,XMP)Can display custom captions with Exif,IPTC,XMP metadata support. Automatic wallpaper changer. Plays your favorite music during slide show. Sound formats: MID, WAV, MP3, WMAMultiple monitor support (up to 3. Slideshow can be paused and continued. Energy Star ! With the Monitor. On. Off Plug. In it is possible to automatically power- off attached monitors or switch- off the system. With Rss. Feeds plugin it is possible to display news from RSS feeds and download images from RSS feeds used by most online photo galleries (Flickr, Panoramio, Tumblr, Picasa and much more) Full Flickr integration ! The Flickr plugins allows to download public and private photos from Flickr Photostreams, Groups and Sets (How to create a Flickr screen saver)Can be used as a screen saver or a slide show creator. Lots of configurable Hotkeys during slide show, for example it is possible to copy/move/delete currently displayed photo by simply pressing a key Can display descriptions stored in DESCRIPT. ION files. Image Display time, description and text attributes can be set on each image. Can create standalone screen savers and slideshows (. Can create setup program for easy screen saver distribution. Can be used as a simple image viewer. Pictures can be divided into categories and category displayed in the screen saver can be changed automatically. Can be easily set as logon screen saver. Digital camera RAW files support Color Management. Take a look at the g. Photo. Show tutorial and see how easy is to configure the screen saver and how many features are available ! What's new: Version 7. New: In order to prevent burn- in damage to plasma screens when images are displayed with colored bars it is now possible to change their position randomly. Fixed: When images bigger than screen size are displayed and reduction is disabled they are now centered on the screen. This means the central area of images is displayed instead of top- left corner. Version 7. 4. 6. Fixed: On some systems aspect ratio for automatic panorama detection can accept only integer numbers. Fixed: Filters: some images are not correctly detected as landscape or portrait oriented. Version 7. 4. 5. New: Added logical file name order where numbers inside file name are considered as numeric content instead of text. Fixed: Copy/Move button in Thumbnails window during slideshow doesn't work correctly. Version 7. 4. 4. Fixed: The window to calculate Auto- Resize limit has been improved for wide monitors. New: In order to better identify each monitor the Filters page now displays position and size of the selected monitor. New: Support for Xmp tags . The offset is a random value from 0 to text height/2. Fixed: Reduced memory allocation when scanning folders. Version 7. 3. 0. New: Global Weights. Added on option to set a weight for photos taken in the same period of the year, for example during Christmas this function will display Chrismas photos from previous years. New: Compiled with updated Direct. X SDKVersion 7. 2. New: Added file size and image width/height to advanced information items. Fixed: Sometimes image filename is lost when skipping to next image using hotkeys. Fixed: descript. ion text using unicode or utf- 8 chars is not displayed correctly. Version 7. 2. 2. New: Text over images, added an option to fill whole row with background color. Fixed: Sometimes when sequential image display is selected standalone slideshows may close unexpectedly at startup. Version 7. 2. 0. Fixed: Exif, IPTC and XMP tags from digital camera raw files are now read correctly by g. Photo. Show. New: g. Photo. Show is now able to read jpeg preview embedded in raw files. This feature must be supported by the windows codec. Adobe DNG codec doesn't allow to load the full size preview. New: Mute/Resume audio hotkey now can be configured to work only on internal g. Photo. Show players instead of the windows master volume control. New: Added hotkey to enable/disable maximum video duration time. New: Added hotkeys for basic video commands (pause/resume, fast forward, rewind)New: Added a width limit for text over images. New: Animated GIF files can now be enlarged to fit the screen using the same settings of static images. Version 7. 1. 4. Fixed: The setting to display only background color on main monitor is ignored by g. Photo. Show. Fixed: When using the Hotkeys plugin to change slideshow if they have different Direct. X settings g. Photo. Show doesn't work correctly and may crash. Version 7. 1. 3. Fixed: Improved global filters speed on slow media. Fixed: On multiple monitors systems when displaying the same image on all monitors using an hotkey to delete current image may cause a program crash. Version 7. 1. 2. Fixed: With some Pan& Zoom settings gif files are not played and P& Z always animates the same image. New: Gif animations now have their own maximum display time. Version 7. 1. 1. Fixed: On Windows 8. Phot. Show can't change wallpaper or start external tools. Version 7. 1. 0. Fixed: Sometimes g. Photo. Show display a wrong background color before loading images. Fixed: Improved image load time when using Direct. X transitions. New: When using sequential image display the slideshow control window allows to jump back and forward by a configurable number of pictures. Version 7. 0. 1. Fixed: ESC key action doesn't work as expected. Fixed: Standalone screen savers sometimes crash on exit. Fixed: Standalone screen savers setup doesn't install a required Direct. X component. Version 7. New: Photo Wall mode. New: Direct. X 3. D transition effects. New: Animated GIF files support. New: Weighted Randomization. Now it is possible to display some files more often than others. Weights can be assigned to folders or to images with a specific rating or containing specified keywords. New: Metadata cache. Exif/XMP/Iptc info are now cached, after the first directory scan g. Photo. Show reads metadata info only for new files. New: Incremental directory scanning. When background files list synchronization is enabled g. Photo. Show starts displaying a limited set of files while directory scan is performed as a background task. This feature greatly improves startup time in particular when g. Photo. Show needs to read exif tags. New: Preview button to start the screen saver without leaving the settings window. New: Added a window to easily set the limit for stretch/crop. New: Added an option to start video playback from a random point also for windows media player. New: Photo rating can be displayed graphically as stars. New: Scrapbook background effect can be choosen randomly. New: Added new scrapbook options. New: Improved panoramic image detection, now g. Photo. Show can detect vertically oriented panos. New: With sequential display when pressing the restart hotkey g. Photo. Show asks for starting image number. New: Added optional date to time display. New: It is now possible to specify on which monitor to display the slideshow. New: Slideshow control window to perform basic operations during the slideshow. New: Configurable actions for mouse move and mouse button click during the slideshow. New: Hotkey to toggle video from beginning or from random position. New: Hotkey to mute/resume audio. New: g. Photo. Show can now create a text file with the list of all images displayed. New: On multiple monitors systems g. Photo. Show can display panoramic photos (or photo larger than a specified size) spanned on all monitors even if it is configured to display a different image on each monitor. All changes. Comodo Internet Security (CIS) users please Read Here. Read a review of g. Photo. Show Pro on Findmysoft. Adobe AIR * Adobe AIR. View the tech specs and system requirements for Adobe AIR.Adobe Shockwave Player is a browser plug-in, which enable you to enjoy animations and web content like games, business presentations,entertainment and advertisements. Adobe AIR offers an exciting new way to engage customers with innovative, branded applications, without requiring changes to existing technology, people, or processes. Filters: Retrieving Data from Server. Retrieving Data from Server. FITS Software for Windows and Photoshop. FITS4Win2 Introduction Flexible Image Transport System or 'FITS' files, have for decades been the standard image format. The bottom line: Photoshop CS5 greatly expands the toolset that Adobe offers in its flagship product, charting new ways to make image manipulation easier while making. Thank you for using OldApps. Your download will start automatically If not please click here: Adobe AIR 3.0 (14.45 MB). Adobe AIR; Developer(s) Adobe Systems: Initial release: February 25, 2008; 9 years ago () Stable release. How ZIP codes nearly masked the lead problem in Flint. I write this as we approach the first anniversary of my involvement in the Flint Water Crisis, an ongoing catastrophe and basic failure of government accountability that will soon approach three years. I received a call from my colleague – the now- renowned Dr. Mona Hanna- Attisha – asking if I could run some basic spatial analysis of blood lead data collected from area pediatric clinics. I had heard rumblings that blood lead levels were on the rise in Flint but that state officials were pushing back against her findings. My job was to examine blood lead data from our local Hurley Children’s Hospital in Flint for spatial patterns, or neighborhood- level clusters of elevated levels, so we could quash the doubts of state officials and confirm our concerns. Unbeknownst to me, this research project would ultimately help blow the lid off the water crisis, vindicating months of activism and outcry by dedicated Flint residents. As I ran the addresses through a precise parcel- level geocoding process and visually inspected individual blood lead levels, I was immediately struck by the disparity in the spatial pattern. It was obvious Flint children had become far more likely than out- county children to experience elevated blood lead when compared to two years prior. How had the state so blatantly and callously disregarded such information? To me – a geographer trained extensively in geographic information science, or computer mapping – the answer was obvious upon hearing their unit of analysis: the ZIP code. Their ZIP code data included people who appeared to live in Flint and receive Flint water but actually didn’t, making the data much less accurate than it appeared. ZIP codes – the bane of my existence as a geographer. They confused my childhood friends into believing they lived in an entirely different city. They add cachet to parts of our communities (think 9. ZIP codes. Dr. Tony Grubesic, an Arizona State University professor, has called them “one of the quirkier . Nancy Krieger, a Harvard University professor, and colleagues have called out their unacceptability for small- area analyses. If I were to have simply summarized blood lead statistics by ZIP code, the pattern would not have been striking. The state, having done just this, incorrectly concluded that the change in water source had no discernible effect on Flint children. Why exactly were ZIP codes so poorly suited to analyzing the Flint water crisis? I will share some reasons and argue that public health researchers should move away from a sole reliance on ZIP codes, or at least admit the shortcomings of ZIP code analysis. When the boundaries don’t line up. ZIP codes and city boundaries of Flint do not align. Author provided., Author provided. In Flint’s case, the state’s error was introduced because “Flint ZIP codes” do not align well with the city of Flint or its water system. The city and water system are almost 1. One- third of all homes with a Flint ZIP code lie outside the city. Thus, the state’s numbers for Flint were watered down by an additional 5. Flint water. This is referred to in geography as the modifiable areal unit problem. Of the residential ZIP codes with Flint mailing addresses, only 4. ZIPs 4. 85. 04, 4. This list shows an overview of postal code notation schemes for all countries that have postal or ZIP code systems. Free Lookup of House numbers by 5-digit ZIP Code. Display all the addresses with a given house number in a ZIP Code; Enter a 5-digit ZIP Code and a House or. Learn more about ZIP Codes, the United States Postal Service, and more about postal addressing. Flint and outlying municipalities. ZIP 4. 85. 32 contains very few homes actually in the city of Flint. At the end of February 2011 a new zip code system for whole Peru was introduced. While in the past only Lima and Callao had zip codes, now all cities and smaller. All rights reserved. Mental Floss® is a registered trademark owned by Felix Dennis. International Zip Codes & International Postal Codes. We've got the greatest postal info and it includes: addressing guides/software, postal code lookups, postage. In total, Flint ZIP codes used in the state’s analysis blanket parts of eight different municipalities (seven townships and one city) surrounding Flint. That the solution to this error was as simple as pinpointing patient addresses rather than relying on ZIP codes is both frightening and appalling. It reflects a fundamental ignorance of geography and a tendency to uncritically accept numbers at face value. While analysis by ZIP code tends to be the default analysis when public health professionals and researchers make a foray into mapping, more and more research in the past two decades has suggested that the reliance on ZIPs may be misplaced. Why are ZIP codes insufficient measures for geographically specific phenomena? The folly reflects an all- too- common reliance on arbitrary boundaries for defining public health issues. ZIP codes have recently garnered attention as being a key determinant of health, curbing the old idea that biology was the primary director of one’s health. The idea behind “why ZIP codes matter” is that where you live influences your opportunities to conduct a healthy lifestyle. While this emphasis on neighborhood- specific effects is important (and has been the focus of urban planning and geographical inquiry for decades), the use of ZIP codes can mask more local issues. To be truly useful as units of analysis for defining neighborhood effects on health, any geographic area should be relatively homogeneous in terms of its social and built environmental characteristics. But unlike postal codes in other countries which represent small areas suitable for in- depth geographic inquiry (Google “N6. C 2. B5” for a Canadian example), ZIP codes are woefully unqualified as units of analysis. Created for mail, not health care, delivery. The ZIP – or Zone Improvement Plan – code was designed by the U. S. Postal Service in 1. Thus, ZIP code designations were based on the area that a collection of mail carriers could reasonably cover each day; they had little to do with geography or municipal boundaries. ZIP codes were arbitrarily delineated and covered a range of neighborhood types; in most small and midsized cities, one ZIP code can cover urban, suburban and rural neighborhoods with highly variable socioeconomic characteristics. The public health field is now learning that their heterogeneity actually makes them very poor representations for understanding exposure or health disparities. ZIP codes aren’t even contiguous areas – they are actually just linear features along roads. Yet they influence many aspects of our lives, including car insurance rates, sales tax assignment and home appraisal values, to name a few. The reality is that very few tangible urban amenities – including school attendance zones, city boundaries, water systems and voting districts – are coterminous with ZIP code boundaries. More useful are units such as census block groups, wards, planning districts or municipal designations for neighborhoods within a city. Each of these adhere to some temporally consistent, spatially bounded definition, and can more appropriately be used to understand how one neighborhood varies compared to another. The use of ZIP codes by the public health and medical fields as a primary way to understand health statistics is thus concerning because heterogeneous populations can mask inequalities. As well, program deployment based on ZIP code inquiries is often not well aligned geographically with populations that need assistance. Where do we go from here? Still, we should be careful not to remove ZIP codes from consideration entirely. They can still be useful for characterizing phenomena that manifest disparities at a large scale, such as rates of chronic disease, exposure to non- point source pollution, regional employment trends and so on. But we must be more critical toward unusual geographies, particularly when our topic of interest is more local. A solution to the ZIP code problem could come from either side. For example, a U. S. Postal Service- led redesign of ZIP codes into something more coherent as a planning tool would enable their continued use in public health with greater integrity. Conversely, a more critical eye toward ZIP codes by the public health profession would open the field to better spatial measures for exposure. Either way, the current arrangement is clearly not working. If we are content with using ZIP code- level data, we leave open the possibility that further health issues could be masked by these quirky geographies. The Flint water crisis is not the only example of ZIP codes hiding a public health problem; it is just one of the more apparent. When the ZIP code is the final arbiter of health statistics, we risk assuming that all public health issues can be packaged neatly into the same box. |
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